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Айдар
Абдуллаев |
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перевод на русский
Reforming spent on
municipal services’ housing sphere has caused reforming of housing sphere
objects management. For the period of applying
economical reforms (90th years of XX century) transformations to housing
sphere only strengthened wider rights of citizens on liberty of habitation
choice. Since market transformations are just made, reforming of the housing
sphere itself has just began. Privatization of separate
premises inside of inhabited apartment houses has only aggravated ownerless
position of an available housing since the problem of law relations in
housing sphere sharpened. The problem of privatization of habitation should
aim to finding the uniform owner on an apartment house, having economical and
legal interest in its safety and reproduction. Privatization of apartments
is not creation of the civilized
market of an available housing. It is only firmer strengthening of citizens’
constitutional right on dwelling. Practically all privatized available
housing of republic is on states specialized organizations’ balance. There is
no «Proprietor of an available housing
». During long time the aspiration of people on purchase in the property of
an available housing was emasculated. The concept of "
the Profitable house » is lost. The main task of housing
sphere reforming is creation of an available housing market, which is
practically absent today. There is no privileges
system for investor attraction to this branch. Creation of the habitation
proprietors companies (HPC) is a corner stone of housing-municipal reform.
Realization of right to property through creation of numerous condominiums is
one of the basic ways of formation of the proprietor
in housing sphere. Consider emasculating people’s aspiration to purchase an
available housing through practically whole last century, it is difficult to
guarantee 100 % success. But there should be an aspiration to this. Only
occurrence of real available housing
proprietor will cause reforming of housing - municipal sphere,
development of energy saving technologies, etc. Creation of the habitation
proprietors companies inside of a uniform complex of real estate (condominium),
including the ground area and the residential building located on it till now
is one of effective ways of protection habitation proprietors companies’
rights and organization of inhabited apartment house with various proprietors
of separate premises management. The amount of habitation in
HPC and HCC (Housing Construction Cooperative) property is much less than
amount of ones that are on states maintaining organizations balance. It is
necessary to note, that 67 % of the states available housing is privatized.
For March, 1, 2003 in Tatarstan Republic 189 HPC
organizations are registered. 118 of them are in Kazan
others - in rest republic. While
during the period from the date of the HCP law (1996) acceptance till July,
1, 2002 there was 103 organizations. That states HPC registration growth for
the last half-year. Thus, HCC number does not change, kept at a former
level, - 414. Involving of private
business in sphere of available housing service could be one of the basic
ways to creation conditions for HPC development in municipal available
housing. Only a businessman can objectively estimate the expediency of
creation HPC and act as an active conductor of inhabitants’ interests. We can look at habitation proprietors companies development as at form of businessmen
attraction to housing - municipal complex development. Enterprise development
in the environment of proprietors of an available housing opens new sides of
development and reproduction of housing sphere. Registration of habitation
proprietors companies (67 % of habitation are privatized),
in time condominium registration allows to find new reserves and sources of
the maintenance of an available housing. Initiative
of proprietors of an available housing (HCC and HPC) of some areas of Kazan and an active support of ministry there helped to
organize an Association of proprietors of habitation in Tatarstan
Republic. Heads of initiative group of are technical sciences doctor Zastella M., medical sciences doctor Saljahova
L., Oshmarina V. Not
only legal aspects, but also practical actions necessary for all proprietors
became preconditions. The basic at the current stage is formation of a
database for the subsequent grants payments to exempts and services suppliers. Proprietors
of an available housing initialized the creation of private managing company
to service the HCC and HPC apartment houses’ tenants’ accounts. However, Kazan administrations heads decisions had limited
proprietors’ of habitation rights to choose the managing companies among MUC
"Rayzhilupravleniya". Thus, initiative of
proprietors of an available housing (HCC and HPC) was constrained. While available housing is
transferred to management, categorization is necessary. Categorization
is necessary by two basic criteria - the social standard and deterioration of
an available housing. Part of habitation must be defined as "social". Not all citizens
can contain habitation belonging to them by virtue of the certain
circumstances (age, physical inability, a social way of life, etc.) today. In
such habitation citizens of the listed categories will be settled. Habitation
considerably exceeding the social standard (more than 18 m2 on the person)
should be defined as
"comfortable". "Standard"
habitation should satisfy all social norms. Categorization of habitation will
allow to determine the cost and quality of given services more fairly, and
also to calculate differentially necessary volume of budgetary grants for its
maintenance. A few words about
acceptance of an available housing. One of directions of
researching reserves for managing organizations is disposal of not profile
kinds of activity and objects of social sphere, including an available
housing. The same thing is about agricultural branch, spheres of economy with
low profitable manufacture and the bankrupt organizations. At the same time it is
necessary to understand that available housing cannot be left ownerless,
without concrete owner. Today some organizations’ heads think that objects of
housing sphere should be accepted by the states specialized organizations. Not at all! Housing - municipal
sphere is one of republic’s economy branches too. And its condition plays an
important role in becoming and development of economy as a whole. Transfer of
an available housing from balance of the solvent organizations on fragile
shoulders of the housing organizations is not panacea from all troubles. At
the same time our supervision show, that disposal of an available housing had
a little affect on economic condition of the transmitting organizations. The solvent organizations may found the
specialized organizations on service of an available housing and in their
confidential management all available housing or to create HPC, fixing the
real estate for proprietors through registration of condominiums. The
organizations of budgetary sphere can make exception. Cottage type houses
should be translated into a private property by the way of privatization or
donation procedures. If tenants reject the privatization premises in
comfortable apartment houses should be given. Accepting the departmental
habitation from organizations with profitable kinds of activity (oil and gas
obtaining and processing organizations, chemical, alcohol making branches,
etc.) indemnification on the maintenance and capital and current repairs
(using organizations’ money) of a transmitted available housing should be
foreseen. Accepting the departmental
habitation from the organizations with non-profitable manufacture (the budgetary
organizations, a defensive complex, the organizations related to budgetary
financing) indemnification from budgets of corresponding levels should be
provided. Accepting of departmental
habitation from the organizations, which are recognized as insolvent
(bankrupts) decisions of competitive manufacture providing indemnification on
the maintenance of an available housing from realization of actives of the
bankrupt organizations should be achieved. Since actions on address
social protection in housing - municipal services sphere of areas (cities)
administrations are spent, division of functions of the customer and the
contractor is accelerated. In twenty-eight (of 43) areas and two cities the
managing companies are created. The aggregate number of them is 47. In rural
areas they are created in the form of official body under the initiative of
administrations in agreement with the ministry. In ten areas they are created
as the state (municipal) unitary enterprises. Seven managing companies are
private. In areas where the managing companies are not created, their
functions are temporarily assigned to the specialized organizations serving
an available housing. In all areas uniform financial settlements centers are
created which also create preconditions for the organization of managing
companies inside of them. The created managing companies actually are
surveyors whose primary goal is decrease expenses on maintenance and operation of
housing and communal services. The managing companies’
creation will end the stage of customer’s and the contractor’s functions’
division. Orientation on employers’ and inhabitants’ needs regarding granting
them housing services satisfaction should be the basic requirement at
formation of managing. Speaking about law and managing, private organizations
can become managing companies in cities, in rural areas at initial stage -
official institutions. Enterprises of small and
average business are involved in the market of housing-and-municipal
services. Competition on performance of works on the current and sanitary
maintenance of Kazan’s available housing was held
with participation of 173 organizations in January 2003. 62 of them won the
competition. 51 of them are private. Reforming of attitudes in housing sphere
in Nurlat area is quite active. All available
housing of Nizhnekamsk and Nurlat
earlier served by the state enterprise is transferred on private service. Unfortunately, there is
also a sad example - cancellation of the contract on service of an available
housing Moscowsky district in Kazan
with "Alan-plus" firm (A. Novodvorsky).
Complicated relations with businessman Lifshitsec
I. serving the oldest available housing and DUC of Nizhnekamsk
are developed. The ministry frequently interferes in processes of formation
of new mutual relations in the housing services market. It is possible to result
the experience of Open Company " Instroy
" on management of an inhabited site "Innovator" (with an area
of 38482 m2) in Kazan as a positive example of the
private managing company. Here work on creation of house, microdistrict
council and area councils (a prototype of local self-management) is done. 50% (3790,1 thousand m2)
of Naberezhny Chelny’s
municipal housing found are transferred to confidential management of "Remzhilstroy" (972,966 thousand m2),
"Electrical engineers" (1138,587 thousand m2), "ZHEU" Kamstrojservis »
(734,496 thousand m2), "ZHEU " Parity» (944,022 thousand m2)
private companies. Contracts on gratuitous using with "Komservis" of 293,04
thousand m2 and «housing and communal services Nizhnekamsk»
6,9 thousand m2 are signed in Kama Glades. We also think that
overlapping by heads of territorial bodies of the ministry of functions of
heads of again created managing companies in the form of official bodies is
expedient to save the budgetary funds. The honors worker of Russian Federation consumer
services, Second class main state counselor of Tatarstan Republic |
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